Adam Smith and Karl Marx Economic Theories Essay

Adam Smith and Karl Marx Economic Theories - Essay Example The vast majority of the speculations in financial matters today depend on the thoughts of Smith just as Marx and Keynes. These people have various thoughts on how the economy functions and the best monetary framework that would guarantee the benefit surprisingly in the general public. They likewise vary on the job the administration should take to drive the economy to success. Every one of these distinctions are incited by the perspectives held by various scholars with respect to human instinct and this will be the topic of our conversation in the following segment however accentuation on the job of human instinct in financial hypotheses of Smith and Marx. Adam Smith (1723-1790) As expressed prior, Smith is viewed as the dad of present day financial matters and private enterprise. As indicated by him, individuals are social and as such they tend to think about one another. They are additionally determined without anyone else intrigue yet this doesn't hinder them from relating to and help one another (Skousen, 11). This is the premise of his monetary hypothesis written in his book An investigation into the nature and reasons for the abundance of countries or what is normally alluded as Wealth of Nations in 1776 (Das Kapital). This achieved mechanical insurgency and rise of free enterprise as the prevailing method of creation (Hall). The industrialist economy depends on the system of free markets whereby Smith accepted that people driven without anyone else premium and not encroaching on the privileges of others can in the process advantage the entire society (Hall). The market is driven by the ‘invisible hand’ whereby makers produce products and enterprises and take to showcase where they meet purchasers who are needing such merchandise for utilization. For this situation, the purchaser and vender possibly meet while trading items and don't haggle on the amount to be created or purchased (Skousen, 10). People are accepted to self-control themselves in this economy and as such there is no requirement for government intercession except if to give open products, for example, framework and ensure individuals hold fast to contracts. There is hence free development of work, capital and products (11). Smith’s financial hypothesis is likewise founded on monetary freedom. Regular freedom as indicated by smith is an essential human right in this way people are offered opportunity to do what they need (Hall). They produce what they need, at a value they need however the standard of equity must be retained, that is, there is opportunity of creation and trade. In that capacity, all the entertainers in the economy (laborers, proprietors and entrepreneurs) work in agreement; there is no irreconcilable circumstance (Skousen, 27). In such case, Smith expect that people are straightforward, simply as per cultural guidelines. They can in this way, seeks after personal responsibility without culpable or overlooking the requirements of oth ers however to serve all. Smith didn't imagine avarice and narcissism in human instinct. Moreover, entrepreneurs need to consider the interests of customers on the off chance that they need to make benefit. Individuals are serious in nature. This as indicated by Smith was not a negative thing but rather influenced the economy emphatically, that is, is directed to financial development (Hall). Man ought to thusly â€Å"bring his enterprising nature and capital into rivalry with those of others to make harmony† (Skousen, 27). Rivalry prompts assurance of costs in the market in this manner the market is consistently in the harmony. The maker can get benefit for his produce and the shopper profits by low costs just as improved quality (to bring down costs, makers improve innovation in this way produce quality merchandise requiring little to no effort). As such monetary flourishing is accomplished through financial freedom. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Smith and Marx had altogether diffe rent perspectives viewing human instinct and accordingly

Learning Team Assessment Through Flexnet Course

Learning Team Assessment Strategies Paper and Presentation Introduction With Flexnet course being a standout amongst other adaptable course plan it in this way implies the students can generally sign in online whenever for the classes and complete their coursework inside their own pace. These has helped in instances of assorted understudies as they all can sign in at various time and study and finish their work on time with no concerns. The main cutoff time that on the understudies will be the way that when the class parts of the bargains all be done and finished at that time.In a few cases they are adaptable and they can just go to the physical talks at any rate once. With regards to evaluation it presents a test particularly for a course where the understudies enlisted are various like for our situation. That implies every one of the understudy has unique and changing learning styles, and furthermore the involvement with the medicinal services is fluctuated so do the ethnic and soc ial foundation of every one of the five understudies who are workers at various clinic having various frameworks. The assessment and appraisal techniques that we will utilize won't be not the same as the ones held in the physical campus.Assessment Methods for FLEXnet course With the class having five distinct understudies, each is normal before the finish of the course to have; had the option to distinguish tolerant privacy issues, recognize different sorts of business related provocation and the outcome of such activities, and have the option to relate the need to keep up secrecy of patient data and restrictive hierarchical data to business related circumstances. Subsequently different technique for evaluation can be utilized to know whether the goals have been accomplished or not.Some of the appraisal strategies that can be utilized for this course include: Timed Tests: For the coordinated tests to be directed the students have all to be online as the tests must be offered on the Learning Management System stage. With the planned tests the understudies won't have task cutoff times rather the understudies will possibly sit for the tests when they are prepared and once they start the tests, there is a constrained time they are relied upon to complete the test. The coordinated tests will regularly comprise of numerous decision questions, questions that require short answers, valid or bogus inquiries and in any event, atching questions. For instance the sorts of business related provocation would be suitable for this kind of inquiries as most answers required will be short and exact and furthermore the part of valid or bogus inquiries can be important for this situation. Since more often than not will be spent on the web and the course itself is offered on the web, the organization of inquiries and in any event, reviewing is done consequently with the Learning Management System which will stamp every understudy work automatically.This implies that it will be hel pful and can be embraced and actualized exceptionally quick particularly since the educator will invest little energy evaluating the tests done by the understudies along these lines, decreasing the time spent by the workforce in appraisal instrument improvement and evaluating. The test scored will be done impartially without the part of human subjectivity and blunder. For a gathering it will be suitable to utilize this in certain units in the course. The principle inconvenience will be fundamentally estimating the students’ capacity hastily and along these lines it won't coordinate the particular destinations of the course.In instances of the five distinct understudies it won't be anything but difficult to check the progressions that would should be made for the targets to be accomplished just by referencing to the planned test. Undertakings: When a task is given the principle target of it will be to help the understudy in learning and understanding an idea. The educator can choose to give the understudies various quantities of duties that they have to examine for instance the understudies would be advised to explore on the patient classification issues and consequently they will utilize the medical clinic as the spots of research meeting both the patients and the doctors.The fundamental reason for the undertaking will be to empower the understudies to break down the data given and feel free to think even fresh lastly they will introduce their work in an organized way for this situation the venture will be composed, assembled and submitted to the teacher. For ventures as a method of evaluation implies that the task should be either submitted expressly during the physical meeting or they can be sent over to the instructor.By utilizing the undertakings the educator will have the option to get the understudies points of view in the learning procedure on the given task as such it is understudy focused along these lines the understudies will be spurred and d ynamic while doing their own examination. The undertaking on the drawback can be expensive for the understudies and furthermore tedious and requires a great deal of work while doing the exploration and at long last it turns out to be very scary to the understudies. What's more it will require preparing on the best way to lead the examination on the instructor’s part.Writing Essays: Essays can be set so that each theme that is educated during the course can be surveyed through it. In the five understudies case the themes like business related badgering will require an article on it. By composing a paper the principle exercises that the understudies will do will be explore and furthermore partake in deduction basically on the said theme as much as they will be relied upon to have compelling composing aptitudes. By having the composing aptitudes, the understudies will be surveyed based on their ability level and furthermore the authority of the point and the unit given.The accom modation of the papers will for the most part be through the email or the FLEXnet stage that the staff is utilizing. The understudies will be inventive with regards to article composing and furthermore the exposition will be summative or developmental relying upon the degree required by the educator. The exposition on the instructor’s part should be carefully structured in the event that it is utilized to survey the student’s ;winning result and furthermore thought ought to be given on the student’s capacity consequently the educator ought not be subjective.Quizzes: For the course, tests will likewise be important as they will test the students’ information particularly after a segment of the units and course given has been finished. The test will be shorter than the planned tests and their motivation will be to permit the assessment of the student’s learning by the educator and for the students’ part, they can utilize the tests as a method of self-appraisal to realize how well they have learned and comprehended the zone set in the quiz.When the understudy scores a poor quality on the test the understudy will realize that a specific theme was not surely known and in this manner the individual in question can return and read the said point or the section instructed already. This will offer the understudy a chance to get ready for the coordinated test when the unit has been secured. Much the same as the coordinated tests the instructor’s time is spared and the work is decreased as the person needs to do negligible imprint as far as evaluating and setting the test as the test is checked consequently be the FLEXnet stage programming. Assessment of the understudies on an individual levelFor Maria Sanchez who is familiar with English and Spanish, during the exercises paper composing would be the most proper method of evaluation as she has dominance of the language and the earlier medicinal services work experience wil l offer her an immense chances to place the involvement with a composed point of view for the teacher to measure her ability level of comprehension. For the undertakings will be applicable too with the experience she has it will work to further her potential benefit as she can associate with staff individuals in the social insurance area that she has worked in.Maria can dissect given point equitably. With Olga Bartold being new in the United States and besides originating from a German talking nation with no experience of working in the medicinal services condition, uncommon consideration should be given to her. This is additionally seemed well and good that Olga isn't familiar with English yet conversant in German. On the off chance that the course has no additional language choice it will suggest that to start with accentuation will be laid on the tests and planned tests for her.The test will be straightforward thus will be the coordinated tests particularly the valid or bogus/yes or no inquiries. Besides the online tests should be physically changed so as to give Olga adequate time to finish the tests. With time the article will be presented with straightforward points and territories for her to cover. In the event that there is a language alternative, at that point it will be reasonable to give the exercises in both the English and German language for her. Undertakings will be muddled except if submitted in German since it will look threatening for her. With Dr.Ranzin having a huge involvement with the social insurance condition, it will be simpler with regards to the appraisal of Dr. Ranzin. This is improved by the way that the language of guidance will be English and Dr. Ranzin knows the language well overall. By the ideals of the experience that the specialist have, the most proper technique for singular evaluation will be through undertaking function as that information can be gathered from the human services work station that he used to work in. Expos ition also will be important after every single bit of work done.Joe Antone won't have a language issue separated from the way that he doesn't have earlier working involvement with the medicinal services condition accordingly he will experience issues in getting the right idea of paper composing and task composing. Additional time should be given to him comparable to that yet it will be superbly alright for him to join in and sit for the tests and planned tests even without related knowledge as the appropriate responses are ordinarily short and some are given in the various choices.Just like Dr. Ranzin and Maria Sanchez, Martha Scott is likewise experienced with regards to w

The Economic Contribution of Melbourne- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Set up an Essay on the Economic Contribution of Melbourne's Foodbowl. Answer: Presentation As indicated by Victoria in Future (2015), Melbourne is second greatest Australian city with a populace of around 4.6 million individuals. The region encompassing Melbourne city are helpful for farming, generally delivering vegetables. With developing populace in Melbourne so as requirement for more increment. Increment in industrialization has involve land which at first was utilized for nourishment creation. This has result to nourishment creation decay, with urbanization presenting danger to nourishment creation. There is have to have great data on where to utilize land for development, cultivating, urban use and recreational reason. Deloitte Access Economics approaches the utilization of land to cultivate at Melbourne University. Farming area Melbourne nourishment bowl comprise of three sections that is internal Melbourne or urban region this is the most populated nearby government territory. Where the vast majority in Melbourne direct business exercises. The other part is the peri-urban territory or the interface Melbourne, this is the neighborhood which makes the more noteworthy Melbourne. Outside interface is the country territory and beach front district, which makes the external nourishment bowl. The inhabitants of these zones primarily take part in cultivating. The nourishment bowl represents more than 1.7 million hectares, around 12% of Victorias 14.8 million hectares of farming area. A large portion of Melbourne nourishment bowl is situated in external Melbourne outside the city in provincial territories which comprise of 9% of Victorias horticultural land. The inward Melbourne make up 0.1% and the interface Melbourne 3%, it is obvious as one move away from downtown area more land for horticulture is accessible. A s indicated by The monetary commitment of Melbournes nourishment bowl (2015, p4). Agrarian creation The agrarian creation inside three locales of Melbourne increment with increment in accessibility of horticultural land. The urban locale has less land for agrarian exercises delivering the least horticultural items in the nourishment bowl. As one moves from the urban regions more land is accessible for rural reason. The external locale delivers more when contrasted with the interface district as it has more land accessible to lead agribusiness. The external district or the provincial territory is most beneficial part in Melbourne nourishment bowl.(Deloitte, 2015, p. 9) Melbourne populace development According to June 2016 Melbourne populace was 4.6 million individuals making it the second most populated city in Australia. The populace is required to develop and the nourishment request In Melbourne is probably going to ascend as follow. From 4.6 million of every 2016, 5 million of every 2021, 5.5 million out of 2026, 6 million out of 2031, 6.4 million of every 2036, 6.9 million of every 2041, 7.3 million of every 2046 to 7.8 million of every 2051. The nourishment request in Melbourne city is required to develop by 70% by 2051. This will require more land for rural land as contrast with now. Accordingly there is have to realize where to save for farming purposes and to cook the developing nourishment request in Melbourne. Philosophy The information sources were auxiliary from ABS Census of populace and lodging, work square tallies (2010-11), which show the level of populace in every locale according to Deloitte Access financial aspects. Spellbinding insights were utilized to sum up information and envision it. Graphical information introduction were utilized, for example, pie diagram and reference chart. Pie outline was utilized to imagine Victoria Land for agrarian reason by rate, visual chart was utilized to speak to estimation of creation in Melbourne nourishment bowl and populace of Greater Melbourne from 2011to 2051. The information was in downright structure, which are summed up utilizing pie diagram or reference chart. The report neglected to utilize the proportion of area and proportion of scattering which are utilized on numerical information for synopsis and histogram is utilized for visualization.(Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2012) End The biggest farming area is in country region of Melbourne city which additionally contribute biggest piece of Melbourne nourishment bowl. These zones are situated in edge of the city where there is barely any individuals and enormous segment of the land reasonable for agribusiness. With populace evaluated to develop by 70% by 2051 the urban territory of Melbourne with gradually possess the interface locale, involving land which at first was utilized for horticulture. The nourishment request will increment as rural creation decline because of urbanization. The accessible data ought to be utilized to designate land for horticulture to cook nourishment interest for the developing populace in Melbourne.(Carey, 2015) References Timmons, D., Wang, Q. what's more, Lass, D. (2008), Local Foods: Estimating Capacity, Journal of Extension, vol 46 (5), accessible at https://www.joe.org/joe/2008october/a7.php. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2012), Value of agrarian products created, 201011, accessible at https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/7503.0. Carey, R., Larsen, K. what's more, Sheridan, J. (2015), The job of urban areas in atmosphere flexible nourishment frameworks: A Foodprint Melbourne preparation, Victorian Eco-Innovation Lab, The University of Melbourne

New Orleans Orleans History - 816 Words

New Orleans, Louisiana is a naturally diverse city where delicious food, jazz and creative people meet (New Orleans History, 2016). On May 07, 1718 a Frenchman by the name of Sieur de Bienville founded the prudent port city of New Orleans which is also measured five feet below sea level (New Orleans History, 2016). The city of New Orleans was named in honor of the Duke of Orleans that very same year (Fact Monster, 2016). New Orleans is described to be a human gumbo because of its unique collaboration of ethnicities and occupations (New Orleans History, 2016). The demographics of the populace of the city are primarily made up of French, Spanish, African American and Caribbean descendants (New Orleans History, 2016). Throughout the duration of the establishment of New Orleans many French, Spanish and Americans amalgamated with the Islanders, West Africans and slaves breeding Creole Americans (New Orleans History, 2016). Subsequently the liberated slaves and the indentured servants deca nted into the city establishing contemporary occupations (farmers, merchants and soldiers) (New Orleans History, 2016). The geographic location of the city is essential to the economy making it accessible to convey goods on the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico (History, 2016). The petroleum, healthcare and information technology fields also assist in stabilizing the economy (Fact Monster, 2016). Despite the city’s waterways aiding in the importation and exportation of goods they alsoShow MoreRelatedA Brief History of New Orleans553 Words   |  2 Pages Introduction New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 in the 2010 U.S. Census. New Orleans was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. It has been hit by Hurricane Katrina, and survived the worst of it all. 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Examine Hobbes proposition that people need governed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2486 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Philosophy Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The debate surrounding our original state of nature or species being has been hotly contested by scholars for centuries and remains a pivotal line of enquiry in contemporary pedagogic circles. In societies across the globe we observe entire populations governed by (religious) laws and practices designed to manage, control and otherwise police the boundaries of individualism whilst accentuating solidarity and protecting the collective norm (Stiglitz 2003). In this essay, we explore the various conceptions that have sought to trace and detail the genealogy of human beings to their primordial or so-called primitive condition, with particular emphasis on exploring Hobbes (2008) proposition that the disposition of human nature is chaos and thus, as humans, we are compelled to forgo our instinctual nature and find sanctuary within the realms of social collectivism and central governance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examine Hobbes proposition that people need governed" essay for you Create order In this vein, we confront the age-old nature versus nature conundrum; are we social and moral animals by design, altruistic in nature, or does civilisation transpire from egotistical obligation to co-operate in order to thrive. As ever-increasing demands are placed on social-scientific research to maintain pace with an ever-changing world, it is commonplace for scholars to forget the (historical) dictums of our primal beginnings; such investigations are often marginalised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" afforded little time, finance and credence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in a world seeking solutions to contemporary problems (Benton and Craib 2010). Yet, to paraphrase Marx (1991), the ghosts of the past weigh heavy on the minds of the living; understanding our roots may become the greatest social discovery and contribution to forging our future as human beings. Thus, social science, by definition and direction, is arguably obsessed with the social constructs that humans generate, frequently dismissing (perhaps through arrogance) the undeniable fact that we remain animals, imbued with the same instinctual drives and impulses as other species. Indeed, one need only observe the effect of social neglect in the case of feral children, unfettered by societal constraints we return to barely recognisable beasts, uncivilised and unconcerned by social pretentions, decorum, normative expectations and values (Candland 1996). For Hobbes (2008) humankind in its original state of being is an evil scourge upon the earth; a ruthless and egotistical creature perpetuated by self-gain and absolute dominance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a survival of the fittest nightmare (Trivers 1985). Thus, paralleling the works of Plato (2014), he asserts that the individual, possessing the principle of reason, must sacrifice free-will to preserve their ontological wellbeing, acquired resources, property and way of life or what he calls a commodious living (78). As Berger and Luckmann (1991) argue, we willingly accept soc ial captivity as it offers a protective blanket from the otherwise harsh conditions; a remission from the barbarism and bloodshed that transpired previously. This led Hobbes (2008: 44) to assert that people need governed under a social contract or mutual agreement of natural liberty; the promise to not pillage, rape or slaughter was reciprocated and later crystallised and enforced by the state or monarch. Indeed, whilst his belief in the sovereigns traditional (rather than divine) right to rule was unwavering, he was certain that a despotic kingdom would not ensue as reason would triumph over narcissism. In response, Socrates (cited in Johnson 2011) hypothesised that justice was an inherent attribute where humans sought peace as a process of self-fulfilment of regulating the soul not because of fear or retribution; to paraphrase: the just man is a happy man (102). The state would therefore stand as a moral citadel or vanguard against the profane. Similarly, Locke (2014) rejects the nightmarish depiction offered by Hobbes (2008), asserting a romanticised state of natureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" permeated with Gods compassion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" whereby humans seek liberty above all; not individual thrill-seekers but rather banded by familial bonds and communes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a pre-political conjugal society possessing parochial values, norms and voluntary arrangements. However, he also appreciated that, without the presence of a central regulatory organisation, conflict could easily emerge and continue unabated. Hence, humanity ascends into a civil contract, the birth of the political, as a means of protecting the status quo of tranquillity, prosperity and ownership. Similarly, Rousseau (2015) also proposes a quixotic rendition of   humanities social origins, considering such times as simplistic or mechanical (Durkheim 1972) inasmuch as populations were sparse, resources abundant and needs basic, implying that individuals where altruistic by nature and morally pure. Yet, the ascension of state, particularly the mechanisms of privatisation, polluted and contorted humankinds natural state into something wicked that not only coaxed but promoted tendencies of greed, selfishness and egocentrism. In this account, we find strong parallels with Marx (1991), specifically his critique of capitalism, which is conceptualised as a sadistic mechanism tearing humanity from its species-being the world of idiosyncratic flare, enchantment and cultural wonder à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and placing it into a rat-race of alienation (from ones fellow being), exploited labour and inequality. As Rousseau (2015) ably contends: man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains (78). Thus, government and the liberalism it allegedly promotes is a farce, seeking to keep the architectural means to create the social world within the possession of a minority à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this he calls the current naturalized social contract. He calls for a new social order premis ed on consensus, reason and compassion; we must reconnect with ourselves, re-engage with our neighbours and discover who we are as a species. The supposition of our philosophical ancestors is that we require governance as a process of realisation, we are social animals that demand and reciprocate encounters with others; alongside the impulse for sustenance and shelter is the yearning for social contact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" indeed love and belonging are included in Maslows (2014) hierarchy of needs. Yet, within many philosophical transcripts is the deployment of religion as a legitimate form of authority, since antiquity monarchs, pharaohs, dynasties and early tribal formations have claimed power through divine right or approval. In fact, conviction in a celestial realm has pervaded for epochs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" carved in millennia-old cave paintings around the globe (Stiglitz 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and perhaps emerged from an enchanted, speculative and awe-inspired outlook of the world in which our ancestors occupied; religion complemented the life-cycle, delineating the sacred from the profane (Foucault 1975). As Schluchter (1989) argues, later missionaries would propagate their dogma; a prime example of this is the upsurge, dissemination and (even today) domination of Christianity as it overran its pagan predecessors, witchdoctors and mystics. Thus, religion has been attributed with generating social mores, collectivism and ushering the rise of civilisations. Indeed, Elias (2000), details the social evolution of humanity as the animalistic fades to the backstage with the gradual monopolisation of violence and (political) power and presented civil self takes credence. Initially, this was necessary for survival as people became more interdependent and significantly influenced later by the royal courts who became a celebrity-like beacon of perfect decorum and taste. By the 19th century, most of Europe was regarded as civilised whilst other developing pa rts where considered savage lands; the violence, exploitation and subsequent domination of such nations as India and Africa by western societies is well documented (Buckinx and Treto-Mathys 2015). As Elias puts it: people were forced to live in peace (2000, 99). This was also accompanied with the advent of Enlightenment whereby the rule of logic, rationalisation and pragmatism disrobed and effectively dismantled the prevailing supremacy of religion; though religion remains a powerful force in certain cultures and is frequently accompanied with its own medieval brutality. As Anderson (2008) alludes, in Africa and the middle-east, where Christianity, Judaism and Islam prevail and to varying degrees dominate life, purported barbaric acts like (female) genital mutilation, segregation, and (domestic) violence that affects mainly women and public violence and executions are commonplace and sanctioned. Thus, secularisation and the rise of empiricism unshackled humankind from its beast ly beginnings and rehomed them within the embracing idioms of consensus, free-will and reciprocal courteousness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" humans had undergone a transformation or courtisation whereby mannerisms, hygiene and self-restraint became governing tenants, the barbarian was adorned (concealed) with socially acceptable masks, equipped with approved social scripts and the rules of the game à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Goffmans (1990) social actor and his/her presented selves was born. In this conceptualisation,   self-governance or policing is prerequisite for progress and forms the basis for society; enhanced with consciousness we are capable of resisting our impulsive drives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Freuds (2010) Eros and Thantos are forsaken for the greater good à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and creating a utilitarian civilisation. Today, in late-capitalist societies, we live in relative prosperity and peace; the elected government and its respective agencies provide sustenance, infrastructure, healt hcare, protection and political democracy; this template of humanity is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" like our religious proselytisers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" distributed globally, perpetuated by the mass media, globalisation and free-markets (Stiglitz 2013). For Nietzsche (2013), this contemporary worldview was tantamount to emptiness where humanity had escaped their animalistic state of being, finding virtue in religion and will-to-power within to overcome and ascend, but is now found wanting with the demise of faith and contemporary nihilism that has proceeded (his famous God is dead (13) quote). Indeed, he is dismissive of science, philosophical and religious idioms, particularly their totalitarian tendencies which (for him) inhibit, enslave or otherwise surrender life-affirming behaviours; similarities may be drawn with Marx and Engels (2008) critique of religion as the sigh of the oppressed creature (45); religion (like governments or social contracts) demands that individuals relinquish o r capitulate part of themselves; to genuflect the laws, tenets and values that rule. Such things seek to (re)capture or incarcerate our species being within a straightjacket. Therefore, humanity must re-engage their instinctual resolve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which Nietzsche (2014) regarded as stronger than our urge for sex or survival à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and become supermen (ÃÆ'Å“bermensch) untrammelled by instinct, to find wonder in the fluidity and unpredictability of nature and good conscience by re-evaluating our values, expectations and shortcomings as a species. Namely, a stateless civilisation, unhindered by permanency, premised on the continual refinement of self. Yet, whilst Nietzsche (2014) highlights the stifling effects of dogma, it seems unrealistic to suggest humans are capable of living in constant flux à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" even a war-torn nation offer consistency (Stiglitz 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" insofar as we instinctually seek to structure the surrounding environment in a comprehendible manner; we assign labels, judgements and behavioural codes as we produce order à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" predictability is the precondition for life and offers humans ontological security and wellbeing (Berger and Luckmann 1991). However, given the asymmetrical nature of society, some possess the architectural means to govern others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" reformulated as a form of symbolic violence or barbarism. For example, the credence given to hegemonic masculinities and subsequent denigration and objectification of women or the subjugation of nations to western ideals (Mulvey and Rogers 2015). Moreover, the free-markets offered by capitalism seek to segregate, exploit and captivate masses into a consumerist world of shiny prizes (Marcuse 2002), coaxing our selfish and cut-throat tendencies, whilst so-called liberalist governments attempt to impose their civility globally through violence, bullying and manipulation; a wolf in sheeps clothing (Kinker 2014). So, even unde r the rule of government and presence of civilisations our so-called animalistic (violent) heritage pervades, like a ghostly presence haunting the present. Hobbes (2008) reasons for why individuals need governed to cage our inner beast seems defective. As Walsh and Teo (2014) allude, a major fault with many of the propositions outlined above is the emphasis placed on linearity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" government is seen as a progressive necessity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" rather than appreciating that as social creatures we are capable of creating communities with their own normative flows, ebbs, fluxes and (more importantly) governing ourselves both as matter of necessity or self-preservation and as a means of self-fulfilment or belonging; contemporary modes of practice have become so integrated and reified that finding a parallel alternative or a way back seems implausible. That said, as Browning (2011) argues, in an increasingly interdependent and global world, the requirement for centra lised states seems unavoidable to handle the sheer mass of human activity and to maintain a level of equilibrium; an inevitable course of human progress. This essay has been both illuminating and simultaneously problematic; the proposition of whether humans are capable of cohabiting without the requirement of a state or intervening supra-organisation remains a mystery.   In fact, such an assertion is premised on how one defines the original state of nature; are we barbaric creatures who engage in a social contract for personal gain or are we instinctually social and empathic animals whose predisposition is not only to safeguard our interests but to generate genuine communal bonds and interconnections with others. The latter affords more manoeuvring for alternative (flexible) social figurations without government, where humanity can bask in the wonder of difference, variety and levels of unpredictability, whilst the former finds sanctuary only in the incarceration of h umanity to defined idioms and laws imposed by a centre of authority and power. It is tempting to concede that, despite Hobbes depiction of government as the epitome of civility, on the contrary it appears to be (in this era of modernity) the primary agent of (symbolic) violence and struggle, whether masquerading as a religious, communist or neo-liberal state. Thus, one is reluctant to accept Hobbes assertion that people should be governed by a reified or separate entity. Instead, with a level of Nietzschean sentiment, perhaps people should be permitted and empowered to re-evaluate and govern themselves. Word Count: (2,195) Bibliography Anderson, J. 2008.Religion, State and Politics. Cambridge University Press. Benton, T.Craib, I. 2010. 2ndedition.Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of SocialThought (Traditions in Social Theory).Palgrave Macmillan. Berger, P.Luckmann, T. 1991.The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge(Penguin Social Sciences).Penguin Press. Browning, G. 2011.Global Theory from Kant toHardtandNegri(International Political Theory).Palgrave Macmillan. Buckinx, B. Trejo-Mathys, J. 2015.Domination and Global Political Justice: Conceptual, Historical and Institutional Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy).Routledge. Candland, D. 1996.Feral Children and Clever Animals: Reflections on Human Nature.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯Oxford University Press. Durkheim, E. 1972.Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, ed. and trans. Giddens, A. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Elias, N. 2000. 2ndedition.The Civilisation Proces s.Wiley-Blackwell. Foucault, M. 1975.Discipline Punish:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯The Birth of the Prison.Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Freud, S. 2010.Civilization and Its Discontents.Martino Fine Books. Goffman, I. 1990.Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.Penguin Press. Hobbes, T. 2008.Leviathan (Oxford Worlds Classics).Oxford Paperbacks. Johnson, P. 2011.Socrates: A Man for Our Times. Penguin Publishers. Kinker, S. 2014.The Critical Window: The State and Fate ofHumanity.Oxford University Press. Locke, J. 2014.Two Treatises of Government.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Marcuse, H. 2002.One Dimensional Man.Routledge. Marx, K. Engels, F. 2008.On Religion. Penguin Press. Marx, K. 1991.Capital, ed. Mandel, E. Volume 3. Penguin Books (Classics): London. Maslow, A. 2014.Toward a Psychology of Being.Sublime Books. Mulvey, L. Rogers, A. 2015.Feminisms: Diversity, Difference and Multiplicity in Contemporary Film Cultures (Key Debates Mutations and Appropriations in European Film Studies).Amsterdam University Press. Nietzsche, F. 2014.Beyond good and evil. Penguin Press. Nietzsche, F. 2013.On the Genealogy of Morals. Penguin Press. Plato. 2014.The Republic. Reprint.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Rousseau, J. 2015.The Social Contract.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Schluchter, W. 1989.Rationalism, Religion, and Domination: A Weberian Perspective.University of California Press. Stiglitz, J. 2003.Globalization and Its Discontents.Penguin Press. Trivers, R. 1985.Social Evolution. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co. Walsh, R.Teo, T. 2014.A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology: Diversity of Context, Thought, and Practice.Cambridge University Press.

Was Psychology Really Founded in 1879 or Was It in...

Was psychology really founded in 1879? Or was it in existence before that specific time? Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) officially opened an institution and laboratory for Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany. Many students were also taught here on experimental psychology. Wundt was touted as a great lecturer, and some of those taught, emulated Wundts work and made a significant contribution to psychology; for example Edward Titchner (1867-1927), who introduced structuralism to the United States of America. This facility was renowned through out the world as the premise on which psychology became a science, because, it was there Wundt carried out extensive research on several hypotheses. Claiming the title of Psychologist Wundt†¦show more content†¦Wundts lectures sometimes exceeded over 250 students; 186 graduates were trained by Wundt, a total of 116 from the discipline of psychology and the other 70 came from the discipline of philosophy respectively. Voluntarism Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BCE) asked Why should we not calmly and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine and see what these appearances in us really are? Wundts introspection reflects very much on that question, as it relates to self observation, and internal self perception. Wundt conducted several experiments on persons of a certain criteria who were highly trained in self observation: they had to be of sound mind, quick to notice and respond to stimuli, physically healthy, not preconditioned in any way, and exercised good judgment. During these experiments the individuals were encouraged to give accurate cognitive facts immediately after the application of the stimuli. 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Unfair Labor Practices for Employment and Labor Law -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUnfair Labor Practices for Employment and Labor Law. Answer: The workplace is prone to conflicts and disagreements between parties in an employee employer relationship. The employment contract is not conclusive is containing all the rights and responsibilities of both parties and therefore, employees are not certain and this creates conflicts and disagreements resulting from the employer exercising discretion in the employment relationship. Disputes are likely to arise and defending such disputes requires a well thought out strategy and procedure. The first and initial step would be to reach out the employees and the union officials in order to resolve the matter amicably through an out of court settlement. An out of court settlement would involve all the parties involved in the dispute coming together through a conciliatory process. In the conciliation proceedings, a neutral party acceptable to all the parties involved in the dispute would be agreed upon who will attempt to solve the matter amicably in the circumstances. Where the parties do not solve the matter at this stage, then an attempt can be made at the Labour court to determine the matter conclusively (Weiler, 2009, p. 23). The other step is to establish whether the claimants are employees or prospective employees of the company. This can be established by examining the contracts of employment of the employees that they signed at the time of recruitment and selection. It is important to establish the status of a claimant, whether employee or not so as to avoid defending a claim that is frivolous. A prospective employee is a person who has gone through the stages of selection and recruitment with a company and is in the last stage of placement. After establishing the status of the claimants, the next action will be to establish their relation with the union, whether they are union sable members or prospective members of the union. The company will then respond to the unfair labour practice charge against it. The response is done by filing a defense stating the companys position in the dispute and a justification that the action complied with the provisions of Employment Act. Though it is advisable for employees to register and join a trade union, the employees should only join voluntarily and with their informed consent. The employees have a valid claim since they were not consulted if they wanted to voluntarily join the union or were members of a different trade union (Cihon Castagnera, 2017, p. 17). Employees have a right to join a trade union of their choice which was infringed upon in this scenario. The defenses that can be advanced by the company are that the employees were in breach of the agreement between the company and the union in which the employees are the direct beneficiaries and that the action the employees ignored to follow the internal mechanisms for resolving disputes of this nature. The employer should have involved employees in the negotiations with the union. Since the company is an employer according to sections 2(2), (6) and (7) of the Act, the action of not employing the prospective employees was not lawful. The union was at fault in requesting the company not to employ the three prospective employees. In this scenario, both the company and the union are at fault and are likely to be found liable. References Weiler, P. C. (2009)Governing the workplace: The future of labor and employment law Harvard University Press Cihon, P. J., Castagnera, J. O. (2017) Employment and labor law (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning

Being True To Yourself When Selling Your Wares

Being True To Yourself When Selling Your Wares I do not normally sell books at events like Christmas sales at the recreation center or autumn craft festivals. I learned a long time ago that unless you simply enjoy socializing with other vendors, you rarely justify the time invested. But last week I accepted one . . . and realized why I quit doing them. Im a member of several chambers of commerce, which are great networking, advertising, and sales opportunities, Hmmm, I thought. Its twelve miles from me, costs nothing to appear and sell, and the captured audience was educators. Shouldnt they read more than the average person? So, I signed up and hauled eight boxes of books. And I sold three books in four hours. As I packed up, kicking myself for not following my own rule about being selective about appearances, I talked to a few vendors. None of us sold much (there were 25 vendors), which surprised us all (few of us will be back next year). A jewelry vendor spoke about coming to work everyday. Even working for herself out of her home, she toils for eight hours. She complained that newer sales people in her line of work wanted to work part-time to make a full-time wage. She never failed to fall back on her old skills of making eye-contact with potential buyers and working a room. She made a full-time living at her craft. A soap vendor and I spoke about natural products, organic food, and farming. She rued appearing at the event but had pretty much made her decision like I had it was too local to pass up. Shed ignored her own advice like I had. She likewise strategically selected venues, and she defined the sizes, compositions, and types of events where shed appear, because like me, she could make more sales online at her computer than at a table in an auditorium. You dont sell anywhere and everywhere. Your time is precious. You could be selling online, blogging, working social media, or writing your next story. When selecting where to set up shop, analyze the market, the time, the commute, and the work progress you give up. The cost of meals, and the time expended

John Edgar Hoover essays

John Edgar Hoover essays Born on New Years Day in 1895 in Washington, D.C., to Dickerson Naylor Hoover and Annie Marie Scheitlin Hoover, John Edgar Hoover was destined to be one of the most powerful men in the world, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He is remembered for fighting gangsterism during the Prohibition era (1919-1933) and for a vigorous anti-Communist campaign after World War II. He received an LL.B. from George Washington University and a masters degree in law in 1917. While he was attending night school there, Hoover worked at the Library of Congress for five years. After rising from the position of messenger to clerk, he left the Library of Congress and began work with the Department of Justice in 1919 and stayed there for two years as special assistant to the Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer. As Palmers assistant, Hoover directed the Palmer Raids against suspected radical communist aliens. When he was thirty years old, perhaps younger, he earned the title of Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He held the appointment through eight presidents until 1972 when he died. When Hoover joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation, there were around six hundred and fifty employees, including 441 Special Agents. Upon arrival, he proceeded to fire all of the Agents that he considered unqualified and professionalize the organization. Hoover also abolished the seniority rule of promotion and introduced uniform performance appraisals. Regular inspections of Headquarters and field office operations were scheduled. New Agents had to be between twenty-five and thirty-five years old. Then, in January of 1928, Hoover established a formal training course for new Agents. He also returned to the earlier preference for Special Agents with law or accounting experience. He also realized that the Federal Bureau of Investigation could not fight crime without the help of the public. In 1925, he wrote to the Attorney Gener...

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business Ethics - Essay Example In fact, an individual can not achieve the purpose and goals of management without taking care of the daily life needs and necessities of the subordinates. In light of the importance of the role of a manager in an organizational context as discussed above, I would allow the assembly line worker to leave early with his/her child’s teacher, though I fully understand that it is my responsibility to be impartial to the maximum extent and equally take care of the needs of his/her coworkers as well. Despite that, it is often not possible for manager to address the needs of all of the subordinates at any one specific time. There are two types of needs that a manager needs to take care of simultaneously. These two needs are the subordinates’ needs and the business needs. Subordinates’ individualistic needs revolve around their personal lives and have often no concern with the business. On the other hand, business needs are directed at the achievement of organizational go als and are often unconcerned with the individualistic needs of employees.

English Liturture Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English Liturture - Coursework Example It is such a sad thing that we, human beings have such views and feeling towards our fellow human beings rather than having the less fortunate creations like the animals feeling hatred to human beings for having been blessed more than they have been. Looking at such angle, animals have all the logical reasons for hating men should they have such feelings. However, men hating their equals make no sense at all. This is a sad fact that the highest-thinking living being feels, which would be the saddest part of all because it is decreasing him to a mere animal. These are all evident in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (Lee). Prejudices in To Kill a Mockingbird The story tells of a colored man who has been wrongly accused of rape by a white woman and her father. Being colored, Tom Robinson, the accused was despised and already convicted even before the proper process he needed to undergo. This brought his life to danger, with the white Americans wanting to kill him for the accusa tions made to him even before his trial. Opinions about his being a bad person were already made in the minds of his spectators which eventually had a negative effect to his lawyer, Mr. Finch. The latter was named a negro-lover, extending its effects to his children who were not yet old enough to understand the situation of their father’s client, feeling the resentment of their relatives as well as their neighbors. Racial discrimination has been portrayed in the story in the character of Tom Robinson and his family and the Finch’s helper, Calpurina who represented the prejudiced black people not only in the story but in real life. Gender discrimination on the other hand has been reflected in the speaker’s character, Scout who felt separation in activities enjoyed by his brother and their summer friend, Dill. This also has been strongly seen in the character of the abused Mayella Ewell, the accuser of Tom Robinson. During the trial, it has been revealed that the woman was being abused by his father who was a widower for a long time. Being a drunkard, he has left all his responsibilities to be attended by his first daughter abusing her from household chores to sexually possessing her. The hardships the family experienced placed them among the least privileged and were given the stigma of being in the low class so that the Ewell children were never expected to have decent meals nor finish a year’s education. The family also pictures the life of those who are discriminated because of their social status. Prejudice is such a serious matter that abounds almost everywhere so that it has become the interest of many studies internationally. Suggestions have been made on how to fight against such atrocity especially to those which extend its effect to the killing of other people, not to mention mass murdering a family or race. One of the most common suggestions is education which may help enlighten the minds of people regarding gender, race a nd status. However, in Social Psychology of Prejudice (Crandall & Schaller 1996), it has been mentioned that racism, a form of prejudice thrives even in the intellectual circle. What then is the real score of what we could do about this matter? Race Race is traced in A History: The Construction of Race and Racism (Rogers & Bowman 2008), to religion and science. It is said that the early Christian

Role of Federal Agencies Essay Example for Free

Role of Federal Agencies Essay The threat has reached the point that given enough time, motivation, and funding, a determined adversary will likely be able to penetrate any system that is accessible directly from the Internet. It is difficult to state with confidence that our critical infrastructure—the backbone of our country’s economic prosperity, national security, and public health—will remain unscathed and always be available when needed. The recent security breach by unauthorized intruders into the parent company of NASDAQ is an example of the kind of breaches directed against important financial infrastructure and illustrates the difficulty of determining clear attribution. As we would in response to any such breach, the FBI is working to identify the scope of the intrusion and assist the victim in the remediation process. The FBI has identified the most significant cyber threats to our nation as those with high intent and high capability to inflict damage or death in the U.S., to illicitly acquire assets, or to illegally obtain sensitive or classified U.S. military, intelligence, or economic information. As both an intelligence and law enforcement agency, the FBI can address every facet of a cyber-case—from collecting intelligence on the subjects in order to learn more about their networks to dismantling those networks and prosecuting the individual perpetrators. The ability to take action on the information we collect is critical because what may begin as a criminal investigation may become a national security threat. In addition, the FBI’s presence in legal attachà ©s in 61 cities around the world assists in the critical exchange of case-related information and the situational awareness of current threats, helping to combat the global scale and scope of cyber breaches. The FBI is also changing to adapt to the ever-evolving technology and schemes used by cyber criminals. Intelligence now drives operations in the FBI. The Bureau is working in new ways with long-standing and new partners to address the cyber security threat. U.S. critical infrastructure faces a growing cyber threat due to advancements in the availability and sophistication of malicious software tools and the fact that new technologies raise new security issues that cannot always be addressed prior to adoption. The increasing automation of our critical infrastructures provides more cyber access points for adversaries to exploit. New â€Å"smart grid† and â€Å"smart home† products, designed to provide remote communication and control of devices in our homes, businesses, and critical infrastructures, must be developed and implemented in ways that will also provide protection from unauthorized use. Otherwise, each new device could become a doorway into our systems for adversaries to use for their own purposes. Industrial control systems, which operate the physical processes of the nation’s pipelines, railroads, and other critical infrastructures, are at elevated risk of cyber exploitation. The FBI is concerned about the proliferation of malicious techniques that could degrade, disrupt, or destroy critical infrastructure. Although likely only advanced threat actors are currently capable of employing these techniques, as we have seen with other malicious software tools, these capabilities will eventually be within reach of all threat actors. Intellectual property rights violations, including theft of trade secrets, digital piracy, and trafficking counterfeit goods, also represent high cybercriminal threats, resulting in losses of billions of dollars in profits annually. These threats also pose significant risk to U.S. public health and safety via counterfeit pharmaceuticals, electrical components, aircraft parts, and automobile parts. Cybercrime that manipulates the supply chain could pose a threat to national security interests and U.S. consumers. Poorly manufactured computer chips or chips that have been salvaged and repackaged infringe on intellectual property rights and could fail at critical times, posing a serious health and safety threat to U.S. citizens. Malware could be embedded on the chips to infiltrate information from computers and result in the theft of personally identifiable information (PII) that could then be used in future cybercrimes. As the quality of counterfeit goods increases, U.S. consumers may be challenged to tell the difference between authentic and fraudulent goods. Operation Cisco Raider is a joint initiative between the U.S. and Canada that targets the illegal distribution of counterfeit network hardware manufactured by private entities in China. The use of counterfeit network components can lead to exploitation of cyber infrastructure vulnerabilities and even network failure. Since 2006, Operation Cisco Raider has seized over 3,500 network components amounting to $3.5 million of Cisco retail products. Ten individuals have been convicted as a result of the joint initiative. (Snow, 2012) References Snow G M 20120412 TestimonySnow, G. M. (2012, April 12). Testimony. Retrieved August 21, 2012, from http://www.fbi.gov Sternstein A 2012 Plan to Fighting Organized Crime Recognizes Growing Cyber ThreatsSternstein, A. (2012). Plan to Fighting Organized Crime Recognizes Growing Cyber Threats. Retrieved August 22, 2012, from http://www.nextgov.com

Seasonal Affective Disorder :: essays research papers

Seasonal Affective Disorder: Lighting the Way Pamela Johnson "Whoever wishes to pursue the science of medicine in a direct manner must first investigate the seasons of the year and what occurs in them." Hippocrates (6) Introduction As the shortest day of the year approaches, more and more multi-colored lights and bright, festive decorations are splashed across houses and yards everywhere. Long ago, in more earthy times, people celebrated the solstice because it was the rebirth of the sun, when days began to lengthen and light began to return. As our ancient ancestors probably realized, their celebrations helped to keep spirits up when times were dark and cold, just as our modern holiday light displays function as a way to ward off the winter blues. (1) However, not everybody can shake the sadness that comes at this time of year, usually because they are suffering from a type of clinical depression called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). When a person has SAD, he or she regularly experiences depression in the winter months that then subsides in the spring and summer months. Although first identified around 1845, this mood disorder was not officially classified until 1984 when psychiatrist Norman E. Rosenthal, M.D., began to study cases of depression that seemed to occur during the winter only. (2) After an article was published in The Washington Post about his research, Rosenthal received a nationwide response from thousands of people who experienced the same symptoms he had observed in his patients. (3). After further research he compiled his studies in Winter Blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder: What It Is and How to Overcome It, which he recently revised, updated, and rereleased in October 1998. Causes Although the cause of this disorder is attributed to the lack of exposure to sunlight, it has not yet been determined whether a person's susceptibility to it is genetic or stress-related or both. Dr. Rosenthal finds the causes of SAD to be "a combination of factors including shortened daylight, stress and genetic vulnerability." (4). By means of his research, he calculated that some kind of depression is experienced by at least 14 percent of the population due to the decrease of exposure to sunlight in the winter. Many scientists feel SAD is "a product of modern society that confines us indoors," with stress levels easily increased by a work environment in which one hardly ever sees the sun. (4). Also,

Eating Disorders Essay

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the three main types of eating disorders. Central Idea: To inform my audience about anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. Introduction: Two years ago, I was hit with the news that my mentor was leaving to go to Remuda Ranch, which I learned was a rehabilitation center for women struggling with eating or anxiety disorders. This was extremely hard for me to hear because she is like my big sister and I care a lot about her and hated that she had to go through something like this. After she left, I did a lot of research on eating disorders. I did this just so I would have a better understanding on what she was going through, and also to find out how I could help her, things I could say or do. So today I am going to share with you about three different types of eating disorders. Body: (Transition: First, I am going to talk about Anorexia Nervosa.) I. According to the National Eating Disorder Association, they define anorexia by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. A. Anorexia is a mental health condition and is rated one of the highest death rates. 1. Anorexia is one of the more frequent psychiatric diagnoses in young women. 2. Around 90-95% of individuals who suffer from anorexia are female. 3. Anywhere from 5-20% of people who suffer from anorexia will die. B. Although those who fight anorexia have a list of different symptoms, there are four key ones to look for. 1. They refuse to maintain body weight at a minimal normal weight that is healthy for their body shape, age, and height. 2. The second one is that they have a deep fear of weight gain. 3. Also, they have a severe concern with their body weight and shape. 4. Finally, in women, a loss of menstrual periods will occur. (Transition:  Next, I am going to talk about Bulimia.) II. Based off of the website, nationaleatingdisorder.com, Bulimia is a disorder where a person indulges in habitual binges and then tries to avert any sort of weight gain by vomiting, taking pills, fasting, laxatives, or excessive exercising. A. Bulimia is extremely dangerous because it is one of the harder eating disorders to detect in individuals. 1. More commonly, it is preceded by dieting behavior. 2. Those who are bulimic are usually at an average or normal weight. B. Sufferers of bulimia compare their self-worth too heavily on their size and weight. 1. This mindset usually leads to constant feelings of isolation, harmful thoughts, and extreme low self-esteem. 2. Another thing is that more often than not, they recognize that their behaviors and actions are not normal, which sets in an extra feeling of guilt and loneliness. C. Again, there are a ton of symptoms that follow up with having bulimia, but there are four main ones that usually reside in most bulimics. 1. Bulimics repeatedly go through the cycle of bingeing and purging. 2. When they binge, they eat way beyond the feeling of being comfortably full. 3. Most times, bingeing will cause them to feel guilty which points them in the direction of dieting. 4. Last thing is again, they have extreme concern with their body and weight, in other words really low self-esteem and insecurity issues. (Transition: Finally, I am going to end with Binge eating.) III. Binge eating, also known as compulsive eating, a lot of the time gets confused with Bulimia. Although they are a lot alike, they have one major difference that sets them apart. People who endure binge eating do not purge. A. Binge eating is defined by uncontrollable, excessive eating. 1. Binge eaters often use food to replace a void, in other words, they use it as a way to block out feelings, emotions, and daily stresses. 2. After a binge, the person feels a enormous amount of guilt and shame. 3. Following the feelings of guilt and shame often leads to fasts and dieting. B. A binge eating disorder isn’t caused by just one factor, but many. A couple examples of these factors could be a person’s genetics, life experiences, and emotions. 1. Recent research has shown that binge eating, along with other eating disorders, is dealing with  biological abnormalities. The website www.mirror-mirro.com, says that one cause of binge eating is related to the hypothalamus, which is a part of the brain that controls the appetite. It is said that the hypothalamus sends false signals to the brain in regards to hunger. 2. A lot of the time, emotional feelings of depression, is connected to binge eating. Statistics show that half of those struggling with binge eating are depressed or have been, usually dealing with a monumental moment which changed their life. 3. Life changing experiences, like being sexually or emotionally abused, are a huge factor in anyone’s life who suffers from any kind of an eating disorder. Family plays a huge role, whether being extremely critical, especially regarding the body, can lead to being a victim of an eating disorder later in life. IV. Conclusion Whether it be anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating, eight million people in the United States alone, battle with an eating disorder. This number is disturbingly high and continues to increase each year. Although all different: anorexics fight starvation, bulimics wrestle with bingeing and purging, and binge eaters battle with bingeing and fasting. It is important to realize that eating disorders aren’t all about poor self-images and low self esteem, but dealing with many other factors like genetic make-up and the need for control. Works Cited Eating Disorder Information; Bulimia, Anorexia, Binge/Purge & Compulsive Overeating. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. . National Eating Disorders Association. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. . National Eating Disorders Association. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. .

Essay on Sustainability - 1473 Words

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